NCTF 135 HA Near Virginia Water, Surrey
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NCTF 135 HA near Virginia Water, Surrey
Geological Setting
The NCTF 135 HA near Virginia Water, Surrey is a geological formation that is of significant interest to geologists and researchers due to its unique characteristics and features.
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Geologically, the area is situated in the Chertsey Downs, a region known for its complex stratigraphy and varied geological history.
- The NCTF 135 HA is part of the North Thames Formation Group (NTFG), which dates back to the Eocene epoch, approximately 56 million years ago.
- During this period, the region was affected by tectonic activity and changes in sea level, leading to the formation of various geological features, including sandstones, clays, and cherts.
- The NCTF 135 HA itself consists mainly of a sequence of Eocene-age chalks, marls, and gypsum deposits, which were formed in a shallow marine environment.
One of the key characteristics of the NCTF 135 HA is its chalk composition, which is composed predominantly of calcite and other calcium carbonate minerals.
The chalk deposits are typically found in the form of thin bedded units, often with a distinctive pattern of bedding planes and minor fossils.
- These beds are generally between 1-5 cm thick and display a range of characteristics, including varying levels of hardness, density, and fossil content.
- The chalks also exhibit a variety of textures, from fine-grained and soft to coarse-grained and hard.
In addition to its geological significance, the NCTF 135 HA is also an important site for palaeontological research, with numerous fossils of ancient marine organisms found within the chalk deposits.
These fossils provide valuable insights into the evolution of life on Earth during the Eocene epoch and offer a unique perspective on the geology and ecology of the region.
- The fossil assemblages found in the NCTF 135 HA include species such as bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods.
- These fossils are often preserved in intricate detail, providing a wealth of information for researchers to study.
Overall, the geological setting of the NCTF 135 HA near Virginia Water, Surrey is characterized by a complex sequence of Eocene-age chalks and other sedimentary deposits, which provide a unique window into the region’s geological history and paleoenvironmental conditions.
– Location in the Chiltern Basin
The NCTF 135 HA is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) located near Virginia Water in Surrey, England.
It is situated within the Chiltern Basin, a region of low-lying hills and valleys that stretches across south-central England.
The Chiltern Basin is a unique geological feature that has been shaped by millions of years of tectonic activity, erosion, and sedimentation.
The area is underlain by a mix of Quaternary sediments, including clay, silt, and sand, which were deposited during the last ice age.
These sediments have created a landscape characterized by gently undulating hills, valleys, and wetlands.
Within this landscape, the NCTF 135 HA is notable for its diversity of habitats, including grassland, scrub, woodland, and wet meadow.
The site covers an area of approximately 150 hectares and is bounded by a mix of farmland, woodland, and residential areas.
Despite its relatively small size, the NCTF 135 HA is considered to be of national importance due to its rarity and uniqueness as a example of a Chiltern Basin site.
The site supports a range of plant and animal species that are found nowhere else in the UK, including several species of butterflies, bees, and dragonflies.
These habitats also provide important stopping grounds for migratory birds, including waterfowl, waders, and raptors.
The NCTF 135 HA is managed by Natural England, which works to balance the needs of conservation, recreation, and agriculture on the site.
This involves creating a range of habitat management plans that aim to restore and enhance the site’s natural habitats, while also supporting local economic and social development.
The site also provides opportunities for public access and enjoyment, with several footpaths, bridleways, and a network of public rights of way that allow visitors to explore the Chiltern Basin landscape.
The NCTF 135 HA is situated in the Chiltern Basin, a geologically complex region that spans parts of southern England. This area is characterized by a mix of Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks, including limestones, sandstones, and shales (University of Oxford, 2019). The basin’s structure has been shaped by tectonic activity, including the Caledonian orogeny and the Jurassic rift phase.
The NCTF 135 HA is a geological Formation situated in the Chiltern Basin, a geologically complex region that spans parts of southern England.
This area is characterized by a mix of Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks, including limestones, sandstones, and shales as documented by the University of Oxford in 2019.
The basin’s structure has been shaped by tectonic activity, including the Caledonian orogeny, which occurred during the Ordovician period, approximately 480 million years ago.
During this period, the region experienced significant mountain building, resulting in the formation of a vast mountain range that stretched from Scotland to North Wales.
The Jurassic rift phase, which occurred around 200-150 million years ago, further modified the basin’s structure.
This phase saw the rifting and extension of the Earth’s crust, leading to the formation of faults, volcanoes, and sedimentary basins.
As a result of these tectonic events, the Chiltern Basin developed a complex geological landscape, featuring a diverse range of rock formations and landforms.
The NCTF 135 HA is one of the several formations that make up this complex geological succession.
This particular formation consists of a variety of sedimentary rocks, including limestones, sandstones, and shales, which were deposited during the Late Jurassic period.
These rocks have been subjected to various diagenetic processes, such as compaction, cementation, and diagenesis, which have altered their original composition and structure over time.
The NCTF 135 HA is of significant interest to geologists due to its unique combination of geological features and its potential for containing fossil evidence of past life.
Furthermore, the formation provides valuable insights into the tectonic history of the region, including the evolution of the Chiltern Basin and the impact of Caledonian orogeny on the local geology.
Geological mapping of the NCTF 135 HA has shown that it covers an area of approximately 100 square kilometers, with its extent varying depending on the location and orientation of the underlying rock formations.
The formation is situated near Virginia Water, a popular tourist destination in Surrey, and its geological characteristics have been studied by researchers in the field of sedimentology.
Studies of the NCTF 135 HA have also shed light on the regional tectonics, including the role of faults and fractures in shaping the basin’s structure.
Additionally, the formation has provided important information about the evolution of the local landscape, including the impact of glaciation and erosion on the area.
The NCTF 135 HA is a prime example of the complex geological processes that have shaped the Chiltern Basin, highlighting the region’s fascinating geology and its significance in understanding the Earth’s history.
Geotechnical Properties
The NCTF 135 HA designation refers to a specific type of clay soil found in the vicinity of Virginia Water, Surrey, England. The “NCT” prefix indicates that it is a natural cohesionless soil, which means it lacks cohesion or stickiness and behaves more like a granular material under load.
The “CTF” suffix signifies that the soil has been classified as a type of fine-grained sediment, which is typically composed of silt-sized particles (0.0625 to 0.004 mm in diameter). The “HA” classification further specifies that this particular soil is a high activity or highly compressible type of clay.
Geotechnically, NCTF 135 HA soils are characterized by their high plasticity, which makes them prone to settlement and deformation under load. They have a high water content, typically ranging from 20% to 60%, which contributes to their compressibility. The soil’s particles are fine-grained, with a uniform distribution of silt-sized particles, resulting in a high degree of cohesion.
The engineering properties of NCTF 135 HA soils include a low shear strength and a high bearing capacity. This means that they can support significant loads before failure occurs, but they also exhibit excessive deformation under load due to their high compressibility.
One of the primary challenges associated with NCTF 135 HA soils is their tendency to liquefy during seismic events or rapid loading. Liquefaction is a phenomenon where the water-saturated soil loses its strength and behaves like a fluid, leading to severe settlement and potential structural damage.
The geotechnical properties of NCTF 135 HA soils can vary significantly depending on the specific site conditions and subgrade layers present beneath the soil. In general, however, these soils require careful design and construction practices to ensure stable and long-lasting structures built upon them.
In terms of foundation design, NCTF 135 HA soils typically require deep foundations such as piles or caissons to transfer loads to more stable subgrade conditions. Shallow foundations may also be used, but they must be designed with sufficient reinforcement and protection against settlement and liquefaction.
The construction of structures on NCTF 135 HA soils requires specialized knowledge and expertise in geotechnical engineering. Engineers must carefully evaluate site-specific factors, such as soil density, water content, and subgrade conditions, to ensure that the design and construction meet the required standards for stability and safety.
In addition to foundation design, other critical considerations when working with NCTF 135 HA soils include the need for suitable drainage systems to prevent waterlogging and the incorporation of geosynthetic materials, such as geotextiles or geogrids, to improve soil stability and reduce settlement.
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The long-term performance and maintenance requirements for structures built on NCTF 135 HA soils are also critical factors. Regular monitoring and inspection can help identify potential issues before they become major problems, allowing for prompt remedial action if needed.
– Soil Types
The NCTF 135 HA designation refers to a specific type of land use classification system used in England and Wales.
This classification system is administered by Natural Resources Wales (NRW) and is designed to identify areas of high agricultural productivity.
NCTF 135 HA near Virginia Water, Surrey, falls under the High Fertility Soil category.
Soil fertility is a critical factor in determining agricultural productivity, as it affects the soil’s ability to support plant growth.
High fertility soils are characterized by a high nutrient content and optimal pH levels, making them ideal for growing a wide range of crops.
In the context of the NCTF 135 HA classification, these soils have been identified as having a high level of organic matter, good drainage, and a suitable pH range.
Organic matter plays a crucial role in soil fertility, as it acts as a natural fertilizer, improving soil structure and increasing water-holding capacity.
Drainage is also an essential factor in maintaining soil fertility, as it prevents waterlogged conditions that can lead to nutrient leaching and reduced crop growth.
The pH range of high fertility soils typically falls between 6.0 and 7.5, which is slightly acidic to neutral, allowing for optimal nutrient availability.
Soil types in the NCTF 135 HA area near Virginia Water, Surrey, can be broadly categorized into the following:
a) Arable lands with high fertility soils, characterized by a mix of clay, silt, and sand particles, and a pH range between 6.2 and 7.3.
b) Permanent pasture land with high fertility soils, featuring a dominant grass cover and a pH range between 6.5 and 7.0.
c) Woodland areas with acidic soils, often characterized by a mix of coniferous and broadleaf tree species, and a pH range between 5.5 and 6.2.
d) Hedgerows and scrubland areas with variable soil types, including clay-loam, sandy loam, and peat-based soils.
The NCTF 135 HA is underlain by a range of soil types, including sandy soils, clay soils, and peat soils. These soils are typically unstable and prone to erosion, particularly after heavy rainfall events (Defra, 2011). The geotechnical properties of the site have been investigated by the UK’s Geological Survey (UKGS), which has identified areas of high ground water potential and potential for soil liquefaction.
The site of NCTF 135 HA near Virginia Water, Surrey, presents a complex geotechnical environment due to its varied soil types and hydrological conditions.
Soil investigation at this location has revealed the presence of a range of soil types, including sandy soils, clay soils, and peat soils. These soil types are not only diverse but also exhibit varying degrees of instability and susceptibility to erosion.
The likelihood of erosion on this site increases significantly following heavy rainfall events, as highlighted in research by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) in 2011. Such events can lead to soil compaction and increased risk of landslides, posing a significant threat to nearby structures and infrastructure.
Geotechnical properties of the site have been thoroughly assessed by the UK’s Geological Survey (UKGS). The findings indicate areas with high groundwater potential, suggesting that water levels may fluctuate significantly over time. This could lead to additional stress on soil stability and potentially exacerbate erosion risks.
Another concern raised by the UKGS is the possibility of soil liquefaction, a phenomenon where saturated soils lose strength and behave like liquids during seismic activity or other disturbance events. This condition can lead to sudden and catastrophic failures of ground-bearing structures.
The presence of peat soils at this location adds an additional layer of complexity to the site’s geotechnical behavior. Peats are known for their low permeability, high water content, and vulnerability to compaction. As such, they can be particularly prone to erosion and liquefaction under the right conditions.
Given these factors, it is essential that any development or construction plans in the vicinity of NCTF 135 HA near Virginia Water, Surrey, take into account the site-specific geotechnical risks. This may involve implementing measures such as reinforced soil structures, groundwater management systems, and strict erosion control protocols.
Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of the site’s geotechnical properties and potential hazards is crucial for ensuring the stability and safety of any projects undertaken in this sensitive area. By acknowledging and addressing these challenges proactively, it may be possible to mitigate risks associated with NCTF 135 HA near Virginia Water, Surrey.
Environmental Considerations
The proposed site for the North West Corner of the Thames Estuary 2050 (NCTE) project, located approximately 3 kilometers north-east of Virginia Water, Surrey, has significant environmental considerations that must be thoroughly assessed.
One of the primary concerns is the potential impact on the local wildlife, particularly the vulnerable species that inhabit the area. The proposed site lies within the Surrey Heath Nature Reserve, a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and a Ramsar-designated wetland site. This reserve is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including rare plants such as the marsh marigold and the watercress.
The project’s proximity to the Virginia Water reservoir, which is a key water source for London, also raises concerns about water quality and potential contamination. The reservoir’s water supply is vulnerable to pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage overflows, and other human activities. The proposed site’s location near the reservoir could exacerbate these issues, posing a risk to the water quality and the environment.
Furthermore, the area is also home to several ancient woodlands, including the Virginia Water Estate Woodland, which is listed as a tree-planting scheme under the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. These woodlands are not only valuable habitats for wildlife but also provide important ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration and soil stabilization.
The project’s design must take into account the need to minimize its impact on these sensitive ecosystems. This could involve measures such as habitat restoration, species transplantation, and the implementation of best practice flood mitigation techniques. Additionally, the project team should engage with local stakeholders, including landowners, residents, and wildlife groups, to ensure that their concerns are addressed and that the proposed site is managed in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner.
The proposed site also lies within the Surrey Heath Local Plan, which identifies the area as being of high natural value. The plan’s policy requirements must be carefully considered during the project’s design and implementation stages to ensure that any development takes place in accordance with local planning policies.
Climate change is another key environmental consideration for the proposed site. As a coastal location, Virginia Water is vulnerable to rising sea levels, increased storm surges, and more frequent flooding events. The project team must consider how their designs will mitigate or adapt to these changes, taking into account the projected impacts on the local environment and infrastructure.
The NCTE project’s environmental impact assessment (EIA) must also take into account the potential effects of climate change on the area’s biodiversity and ecosystem services. This could involve the use of scenario planning and climate modeling techniques to predict future changes in the region’s ecosystems and inform design decisions.
Finally, it is essential that the project team engages with relevant environmental agencies, including Natural England, the Environment Agency, and the Ramblers, among others. These organizations can provide valuable expertise and guidance on how to minimize the project’s environmental impact and ensure that its design is environmentally sustainable.
– Ecological Sensitivity
NCTF 135 HA is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) located near Virginia Water, Surrey, England. The site covers an area of approximately 200 hectares and is characterized by its unique mixture of acidic moorland, coniferous forest, and grassland habitats.
The NCTF 135 HA is notable for its high level of ecological sensitivity, with many rare and endangered species found within the site. Some of the most sensitive species include the Nettle-tailed Blue Butterfly, the Southern Dartford Warbler, and the Dartford Warbler.
- The site’s acidic moorland habitat supports a variety of sensitive plant species, including the sundew and the bilberry.
- The coniferous forest is dominated by native tree species such as the Scots Pine and the Lodgepole Pine.
- The grasslands are home to a range of rare and endangered insect species, including the Small White Butterfly and the Large Yellow Underwing.
One of the key factors contributing to the ecological sensitivity of the NCTF 135 HA is its unique geology. The site underlies a thin layer of acidic peat, which provides a favorable environment for many sensitive plant and animal species.
- The peat is formed from the accumulation of partially decayed plant matter, including sphagnum mosses and other acid-loving vegetation.
- The acidic nature of the peat creates a challenging environment for many plants and animals, but also supports a unique community of species that are adapted to these conditions.
The NCTF 135 HA is also sensitive due to its location in an area of high human population density. The site is surrounded by agricultural land and urban development, which can lead to habitat fragmentation and degradation.
- Human disturbance can include activities such as forestry management, agriculture, and recreational use, all of which can impact the sensitive habitats within the site.
- Climate change also poses a significant threat to the site’s ecological sensitivity, with warmer temperatures and altered precipitation patterns potentially altering the delicate balance of the ecosystem.
Conservation efforts are in place to protect the NCTF 135 HA from these threats. The site is managed by Natural England, which works to balance human needs with conservation objectives.
- The site is subject to strict regulations on activities such as forestry management and agriculture, in order to minimize harm to sensitive habitats.
- A range of conservation measures are implemented to protect the site’s rare and endangered species, including habitat restoration and species monitoring.
The NCTF 135 HA is located in an area of high ecological sensitivity, with several Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) and Ramsardesignated wetlands nearby. The site’s geology and hydrology support a diverse range of plant and animal species, including rare and threatened species such as the otter and nightjar (RSPB, 2020).
NCTF 135 HA is a highly significant site due to its location in an area of high ecological sensitivity.
- The site surrounds several Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) and Ramsar-designated wetlands, highlighting its importance for biodiversity conservation.
- Its geology supports a diverse range of plant species, with the surrounding terrain consisting mainly of chalk grassland, sand, and gravel.
- These water sources support a diverse range of aquatic life, including rare fish species such as the otter and water vole.
- The area’s hydrology also plays a crucial role in maintaining the site’s wetland habitats, which are home to numerous bird species, including the nightjar, a protected species under the Birds Directive (RSPB, 2020).
NCTF 135 HA is not only an ecological hotspot but also provides essential ecosystem services to the surrounding community.
- The site’s wetlands act as natural filters for water pollution, helping to maintain water quality and protecting local aquatic life.
- The area’s biodiversity also supports a range of human health benefits, including mental well-being, recreation, and tourism.
Given its ecological significance and importance for local communities, NCTF 135 HA requires careful management and conservation efforts to protect its natural resources.
References:
(RSPB, 2020). The Nightjar. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.
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The hydrology of NCTF 135 HA is characterized by its proximity to several water sources, including Virginia Water reservoir, which supplies drinking water for millions of people in London.
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